1. Skinner's Operant Conditioning: reinforcement and punishment in a individual changes the individual's behavioral tedencies.
2. Reinforcement: always increases the probability of a specific response in a individual.
3. Punishment: always increases the possibility to behavior to decrease.
4. In positive punishment or reinforcement something is given, while in negative punishment or reinforcement something is taken away.
http://allpsych.com/psychology101/reinforcement.html
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